Cultivars

Seedling # IC 94-10. Parentage: Lactiflora ‘Martha W.’ x tree peony Golden Era. First bloomed 2001. Flowers are lightly flushed pink when first open, but soon become a clear, bright yellow with big, prominent, bright red flares that give the flowers a beautiful, fiery central glow. An attractive center contains a sparse, loose ring of stamens and 5 to 6 green carpels with dark red stigmas that are surrounded by a yellow/cream colored sheath. Semi-double to double flowers are 6 inches in size. Plant height 24-26 inches. Mild but pleasant fragrance. Buds: usually 2 per stem. Photo on file.

carpel: an organ at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.

[caption id="attachment_29279" align="alignleft" width="476"] Carpel of P. ludlowii, showing ovary, style and stigma[/caption]

Double type; large; midseason. Very bright crimson with very little blue in it, outer petals large and waved, central petals incurved and notched; not fragrant. Tall; free-flowering; strong stems. Good foliage. Of good clear color, excellent form, and reliable blooming habit. Considered by many to be the best red variety. Good for both cutting and garden decoration.

From the Dutch peony testing series in 1998((footnote: Kortmann, J. "Paeonia: pioen." In: Dendroflora, 1998, vol 35, pp 58-95.)), own translation:
'Karl Rosenfield' (Rosenfield, USA, 1908) Flowers dark carmine red with a blue purplish hue, double, mid early; leaves dark green, upperside of stems slightly brownred; height 80 cm; stems sturdy; number of stems good to very good. This much grown peony belonged to one of the most sold peonies at the Aalsmeer flower auction in 1996. Vase life is long, some 10-17 days. The flowers fade somewhat towards blue. The sturdy habitus makes this plant fit for the garden. It should be noted however, that this cultivar shows some susceptibility towards botrytis, but the good characteristics predominate so that we can review it positively.

21". Single, pink with quite a lot of orange, streaked some, small flowers, has pollen, yellow stamens, white pistils with pale pink tops. Officinalis-like foliage.

Stigma: the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.

[caption id="attachment_29279" align="alignleft" width="476"] Carpel of P. ludlowii, showing ovary, style and stigma[/caption]

Herbaceous hybrid. Semi-Double. Lacti x lobata. Deep creamy pink.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Lovely Rose' (Saunders, 1942) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early - 26? (short and wide) — Strong scent (disagreeable to some). A truly beautiful, warm, creamy salmon pink semi-double with fluted, upright petals and a yell ow boss center of stamens. Blooms are proportionally large, flowering easily on immature plants. Stout, stiff stems 1) stand extremely well, remaining tall and straight in all day rainstorms; and, 2) present blooms to advantage, setting them close to the foliage. Leaves are medium green and hold well through the summer when soil is kept evenly moist. 'Lovely Rose’s' rare habit of a crown that branches instead of forming a large easily divisible crown of many eyes and attendant roots, speaks not only to why it falls apart when divided, but also to why it forms a fairly wide plant. Reputedly possessing great vigor, it grows well in the South, though increase is slow. Best propagated by adventitious roots grown to standard.

stamen: one of the male organs of a flower, consisting typically of a stalk (filament) and a pollen-bearing portion (anther)

24". Semi-single, light pink of a vivid light coral (peachy) pink, 3 rows of petals.

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Seedling 79H18-2. Parentage: Seedling 71Y6-1 x Seedling 74119-5. The seed-parent was a yellow single, yellow being the object of the cross. The pollen parent was a pink double. Has had prior distribution under the garden name “Bill’s Best Yellow.” First bloomed 1982. Light yellow DOUBLE. Flowers are round and double on established plants, semi-double on new plantings. Rounded petals have an irregular toothed edge. Green carpels (4-5) with red stigmas which are not visible on double flowers, but can be seen on semi-double blooms. Pollen bearing stamens are light yellow. Fertile both ways. Fragrance. Foliage is wide and deep green. Each stem produces 1 strong primary bud, but may have up to 3 more secondary buds, making a long bloom season. Stems are tall (36 inches (90 cm)) and strong. No staking is needed. Rapid growth rate.

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Seedling RELSW6. Parentage: 'Roselegance' x LSW6. SINGLE. Named for the stature of Napoleon Bonaparte. 'Little Corporal' is a short plant that reaches a maximum height of 20 inches. Foliage is broad with points and is a deep green. Foliage, stature and flower are unique and will not be confused with other reds from P. peregrina lineage. One brilliant single rose red flower is carried on a sturdy stem. Flowers have a large ring of yellow stamens carried on white filaments with red bases. Carpels are green tipped with rose red stigmas. Entire flower is very symmetrical. Flowers face upward. Bloom period is early-mid season. Plants are fast growing and floriferous. Readily produces seed, but no pollen. Of interest for hybridizing due to unusual pedigree. 'Little Corporal's pod parent, 'Roselegance' is extinct and is the product of ('Salmon Dream' x 'Lemon Chiffon'). Pollen parent was Seidl seedling LSW6 ('Laddie' x 'Sparkling Windflower'), a single red. Genetics for double flowers are contained within 'The Little Corporal' via 'Roselegance' and this has been demonstrated in crosses at Solaris Farms. As a short front of the garden peony it is outstanding for color and plant form. Could easily be used in rock gardens.

Parentage: Blushing Princess x Salmon Dream. Blushing Princess is an F2 from P. lactiflora x Gwenda. Gwenda is an F2 from P. tenuifolia x P. mlokosewitschii. Salmon Dream is from Paula Fay x Moonrise. Paula Fay is from P. lactiflora x P. peregrina. Moonrise is an F2 from (another) P. lactiflora x P. peregrina. So Pink Vanguard has 4 species in its ancestry.

Seidl seedling number H-17. Early-Early Midseason, light milky pink, cupped Semi-double flower on a strong growing plant. Long, broad guard petals surround several rows of smaller inner petals having excellent substance, and stamens. Flower resists late freeze damage. Medium tall (40 inches) and erect, the plant is clothed in large blue-green leaflets. Side buds extend flowering. Seeds and pollen, parent of wanted forms.

filament: the stalk of a stamen

Herbaceous hybrid. Single. Lacti x lobata. Rounded goblet of coral rose with white flares outside and coral pink inside.

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Parentage - unknown - chance seedling - might be of Mons Jules Elie. First bloom 1974 - a full double, all subsequent years blooms single. Single light pink lactiflora - early to midseason bloom, no fragrance. 32 inches in height, many stems, stiff and wirey. A very nice plant but not valued for its beauty of flower but rather for the hybridizer. A proven seed parent for the Itoh hybrids. Highly fertile both ways with large seeds in great abundance. An apparent break-through for the hybridizer. Seedling # S 172

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Growing in bushes and grasslands, but also in open woods, at altitudes from lowlands to 2,300 m, but to 3,400 m in Sichuan Province (Kangding), China. In E Asia: China, the Korea Peninsula, E Mongolia, and Russia (the Far East and SE Siberia).

The most distinct character of Paeonia lactiflora is the cartilaginous thickening along the leaf margins, which are dentate—spinose on these thickenings.
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Single. Light pinkish lavender, bright, average sized flowers, white pistils with red tops. 22" tall.

Grown from seed from Canadian Peony Society Seed Exchange 2008. First bloomed 2015. DOUBLE form, 6 inches (15 cm) in size. Pale salmon pink fading to white with age. Pleasantly fragrant. Height to 34 inches (85 cm) with upright growth. Named at the request of Nicole Major in memory of her daughter Lydiane.

petiole: the stalk at the base of the leaf blade, attaching and supporting the leaf blade to the stem.

Plant anatomy is the scientific discipline that deals with the study of the inner structure of plants, examining their internal structures

Seedling #SH-50. Parentage: Seidl #SH-8 ('Age of Gold' x Daphnis 223) x Seidl #SH-11 (Daphnis 223 x 'Chinese Dragon'). Named by Kris Casey of Manitowoc, for the colored sandstone cliffs around Sedona, AZ. First bloomed in 1987. Has had prior distribution as 'Sedona'. A many petaled SINGLE (pushing towards semi double) with 12-13 petals, dusky red with darker flares, and dark sheath. Flares are short, about 10% of petal’s length, and have a blurred edge. Under some conditions petal color appears as a cream base with a heavy wash of red-pink. Carpels are green, smooth, and have pink stigmas with normal morphology. Pollen bearing stamens are light red at the base and yellow towards the tip. The seed was harvested in 1983, had delayed germination to late 1984 and bloomed in spring 1987. Seedlings from 'Sedona' often have the same rapid development. Plants grow to about 40 inches (100 cm), have large, heavy foliage that is deeply cut, colored deep green, and flushed purple along the edges. The growth habit is to spread and is quite stoloniferous. Bloom is heavy and there are seldom terminal buds available for grafting. Flowers are side facing and some lower buds my lay on the ground. Flower stems usually produce 3 to 4 buds per stem. Seed fertility is high and seedlings produced have same robust characteristics of Sedona. Resulting offspring are often double, fertile, well-formed and have good carriage.

Seedling No. NB16. Parentage: ‘Sedona’ x ‘Loyola’ (Loyola is an unregistered Bernard Chow hybrid). Advanced generation lutea hybrid. First bloomed 2009, first propagated 2012. Rose-pink SEMI-DOUBLE to DOUBLE flowers, size 7 inches (18 cm), 2-3 blooms per stem. Petals have a cream base, overlain with rose-pink, the flowers fading lighter at outer edges. Maroon flares extend 20% of the petals’ length, but are usually obscured in the depths of the flower which is made up of 25-35 petals. Adding to the volume of the flower, the petals are highly ruffled and crinkled, and crepe-like along the outer edges. On average 3-4 carpels, green, sparsely hairy, having pink stigmas of normal anatomy. Pollen-bearing stamens with filaments maroon throughout. Sheath is maroon, and complete. Fertile both ways. Side buds open after primary buds, extending bloom season. Flowers are held facing outward. Leaves are deep green with petioles light red on upper surfaces. Plants mature to a large mound shape with foliage to the ground. Grows to 4 feet in Wisconsin (122 cm) where it produces large numbers of ground shoots and is one of the more vigorous growing lutea hybrids. Easily propagated through grafting. Holds well through the growing season and thus a good candidate for the planted landscape. Lyra is Latin for lyre and is the name of a small constellation often represented on star maps as a vulture or an eagle carrying a lyre. Also known as “Falling Vulture” or “Falling Eagle.” The flowers are seen to “fall” and display outward around the plant, hence the name chosen to reference a falling eagle.

Ma Petite Cherie (Krekler/Klehm, 1994). Lactiflora. Semi-double lactiflora. First bloomed 1994. Soft pink semi-double lactiflora, good substance, reliable, stamen, pollen, seeds, and fragrant. Good stem strength, 20-22 inches in height, midseason bloom. Delicate, dainty short garden peony with excellent small stature and pleasing textural balance between height, flower position and bush habits. Excellent and pleasing soft pink blossom color. Seedling # KR43-41

(Nicholls, 1941) - Single - Pink - Early. Very large with two rows of petals of extra ordinary width. Light silvery pink paling to a halo around the yellow stamens. Does not fade. Strong; thrifty and blooms well. (#270 from Lady Alexandra Duff) Attractive

Usually growing in steppes, meadows, open sandy dunes, shrubs, or at the edges of forests. Paeonia tenuifolia seems to prefer dry habitats, and was found growing at lowlands below an altitude of 900 m. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia (the Caucasus), Serbia, Turkey (European part) and Ukraine.

Paeonia tenuifolia as circumscripted here is a very distinct species. It has the finest leaflets/leaf segments and the greatest number of leaflets/leaf segments of any peony species.
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Three way hybrid of Mloko-—Lactiflora—Tenuifolia. Double, light pink. Seed parent—Hedgemaster, ¼ Mloko and ¾ Lactiflora. Pollen parent—Pink'N'Yellow, ¼ Tenuifolia and ¾ Lactiflora. First bloomed in 1970. Height 26", early, strong stems, good substance, on

22". Single, pink bright, rather large. Stamen stems long white with cream tops, near white pistils.

Mademoiselle Jeanne Rivière (Rivière, 1908). Lactiflora. Double type; medium size; midseason. Guards pale blush-white of translucent texture; center low, rounded, and compact, of many narrow incurved petals which are wider in extreme center, pale pink near the guards shading through cream and canary to pure lemon-yellow; mildly fragrant. Tall; very floriferous; strong, erect stems. Good foliage. The mixture of pale pink and lemon-yellow in the center is distinctive and most attractive. The variety seems to be steadily gaining in popularity and is reported to be excellent for cut-flower work and especially so for garden decoration.

bent or curved inwards or upwards, of leaf margins, curved towards the adaxial surface

Leaf tip or base circular, no distinct point.

Seedling No. RAISS 27. Parentage unknown. First year bloomed 2013, first propagated 2013. SINGLE, one flower per stem, 5-6 inches (13-15 cm). Three rows of petals, purple magenta, petals cupped, rounded, notched. Stamens present, pollen absent. Filaments cream at the base, pink at tip. Average of 4 carpels, green, very hairy. Stigmas pink, normal anatomy, no seeds. Sheath magenta, near complete. Not fragrant. Early foliage emerges burgundy, matures to green. Typical Itoh Group foliage. Upright mounded growth habit, height to 30 inches (76 cm).

Remark: registered as Scarlet Magenta Splash, but all other intersectionals registered from these originators are named 'Flash', thus we assume it is Magenta Flash.

23". Single, vivid deep wine red, stamens all lemon yellow, has pollen, white pistils with pink tops.

D. VE. R. Seedling No. 9 R 28. Albiflora x Sunbeam Off. Single, very bright red, medium height and size. Seedling # 9 R 28.

Lutea hybrid Parentage—Golden Isle x Daphnis fertile pollens First bloomed 1971 Yellow, reddish flares, stamens, pollen, seeds, fragrant. One to three buds per stem, moderate amount of bloom, sturdy stems, flowers held high above the foliage, 5' height. Bloom in lutea hybrid season, sturdy growth, heavy textured leaves. Carpels green, cream stigmatic tips, reddish maroon flares at base of petals, radiates outward. Very light reddish picotee edge on most petals, very heavy petal substance. Fertile pod and pollen. Seedling # A199

Widely distributed from the Iberian Peninsula to the Balkans via France, Italy and Switzerland.
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(Saunders, 1950) - Single - Scarlet - Hybrid. Albiflora x lobata, second generation. List in Bulletin 129. Miss Saunders letter, 1955.

Chinensis X officinalis Otto Froebel. Large, single, cup-shaped bloom of deep mahogany color. Very early.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Mahogany' (Glasscock, 1937) Hybrid, Dark Red Japanese, Earl y mid-season, Medium height. (lactiflora x Otto Froebel) —Medium-sized blooms of good substance consist of two rows of intensely pigmented, dark red petals that are somewhat cupped and irregularly edged. Each petal lightens toward its base and lower mid rib creating less color saturated flares. When looking down into the bloom these flares, both on the innermost petals and the partial covered outermost petals, create a starburst pattern radiating from the flower's center. The center consists of creamy green carpels tipped lightest pink, encircled by a ring of short, thick and barely transformed staminodes. The overall sheen of the bloom is unique, similar to that of red lacquer nail polish; and although the bloom flattens and loses its form with age, it remains relatively color fast. The stalks are slender and hold blooms erect above the foliage with the exterior stalks incurving slightly for a more compact floral presentation. Blooms are one per stalk and open all together (and reflexively close all togethe r in inclement weather) with no need for mechanical support. Foliated lateral stem production begins just above the soil line and proceeds up the stalk, creating a compact bush that obscures its “legs” from view. Foliage is light green with durable, medium-sized leaflets that are notched and somewhat flat. The bush has the capacity to hold its pre-bloom shape and maintain clean foliage well into the post-bloom period. 'Mahogany' is vigorous and establishes a many stemmed plant quickly, even when soil conditions are less than ideal. As a cut flower, Mahogany has a long history of success at APS Exhibitions, though blooms may not be as enduring as others and can show the stress of prolonged cold storage with darkening coloration and petals that lose their naturalness. Not adventitious and best propagated by division.

Majesty's Light (Anderson/Swenson, 2017). Herbaceous Hybrid. Swenson Garden’s seedling No. RNH-04/Y-158. Parentage: Unnamed Anderson seedlings. First bloomed 2012; first propagated 2013. SEMI-DOUBLE. One flower per stem, 5-6 inches (13-15 cm) in size. Pale yellow. Nicely rounded guards, average width 2 inches (5 cm). Average of 2 carpels,white, moderately hairy, with white stigmas of normal anatomy. Pollen bearing stamens, filaments yellow throughout. Seeds. Fragrance. Foliage green on emergence. Height to 26 inches (66 cm), upright self-supporting growth habit.

Ruud Warmerdam: "Roger Anderson's seedling# Y158 has never officially been registered but has mostly only had distribution between breeders and the most eager collectors. "Never officially registered" because we have strong reasons to doubt the 2017 registration of 'Majesty's Light', which is claiming to be one and the same as this seedling from Anderson. The origin of our stock can be traced back to the first root that Anderson shared with a European breeder, enough reason for us to feel sure that we are offering the true Anderson #Y158 here. The registration description of 'Majesty's Light' raises several questions and/or does not match with what we see in Y158. [...] Anderson Y158 has a most handsome, strong lemon-yellow colour, elegantly wavy edged petals that are neatly arranged. A phenomenal display by mature specimens with full double blooms. Young bushes or thinner stems also clearly show graceful flowers, but often with fewer petals varying from single to semi-double or full double. Excellent functioning stamens are visible between petals. Very fertile, and awesomely interesting as a breeding plant - we are aware of very promising progeny. Side-buds can be present too, which increases the breeding potential. Young shoots are drenched with a lime-green glow and this continues to show until the bush toughens up as the blooms get ready for the big show. Stems are very strong and some support will only be required when the weather turns bad when blooms are open. "

(officinalis rubra x lactiflora} A sensation at recent peony shows. Perfect double bomb type, rich red collar of big petals, full and sturdy plant, no stamens, rather long pale green pistils.

From the Dutch peony testing series in 1998((footnote: Kortmann, J. "Paeonia: pioen." In: Dendroflora, 1998, vol 35, pp 58-95.)), own translation:
'Red Charm' (Glasscock, USA, 1944) (P. lactiflora x P. officinalis) Flowers dark red, very large, double, centre filled with many deep red petaloids, surrounded by two circles of large petals; leaves rather large, dull green; upperside somewhat irregular; height 100 cm; stems rather sturdy; number of stems mediocre. This American cultivar is remarkable thanks to its magnificent colour and the enormously large flowers, which need support to remain upright, despite the plant having sturdy stems. The mediocre number of stems and the development of so called 'necks' on the roots inhibited propagation and distribution at large scale for some time. 'Red Charm' is reportedly somewhat susceptible toward botrytis, which was also noted by the review commission. It is a good garden plant, despite some negative characteristics.

Also known as "Laning's Best Yellow." Parentage, Quad F3 x Moonrise. First bloomed 1975. Full double of medium yellow color with purple red flares at the petal base. Foliage deep green, 30" height, standing fairly erect. Sets seeds and reports are that the pollen is highly effective on difficult crosses. Seedling # 99.

Maly Semyachik (Fawkner, 2015). Herbaceous hybrid. Seedling F6-F. Parentage: 'Northrepps' x 'Grand Massive.' SEMI-DOUBLE to FULL DOUBLE flower form. Early midseason flowering. Medium to large (16 cm, 6½ inches) flowers with 6 cm (2½ inches) faintly pink, smoothly round guards veined mauve-silver, turning silvery cream-yellow under the sun. The pale green external guard-flares are mauve-pink at their base. The flower centre sports 7cm (2 inches) pale cream petalodes flared pink-mauve at base, and 3 cm (1½ inch) yellow stamens encircling 2 pale green carpels with dark red stigmas. The fairly upright 80 cm (32 inch) stems carry one flower only but need support. This variety is defined by the effects of color, form, and texture of its flowers, especially in the early phase of their manifestation.

Spectacular cup-shaped white hybrid semi-double. The somewhat serrated petal-edges of the white bowl include within their circumference yellow filaments and white-yellow carpels with pink stigmata. Floriferous. Seed-fertile. Tallish bush has hybrid vigor. Leaflets of a fairly light green are veined and large. First bloomed 2001. Early. Seedling # RA 14.

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Seedling C-80. SEMI_DOUBLE. Parentage: 'Qutizin' x 'Sunny Boy'. An early herbaceous hybrid; bright, petal-packed yellow flowers with some tones of cream and peach are 8" (20 cm) across; 3" wide guards; pale green carpels with pink stigmata; slight fragrance; sidebuds; 35" (90 cm) stems with medium green, somewhat pointed, veined leaflets; seeds and pollen; a variety in which are combined the vigorously voluminous petal-profusion of the seed parent and the color excellence of the pollen parent.

Parentage (SH-35: Golden Era x Chinese Dragon) x Zephyrus. Hybrid tree peony, first bloomed 1992. Light pink shading darker to rose burgundy flares, filaments, sheath and carpel tips. Similar to Shintenchi but a shade lighter. 6" flowers are single, the 1

anther: pollen-bearing structure in the stamen (male organ) of the flower usually located on top of the filament of the stamen

Seedling “Seidl L-q”. Parentage unknown. First bloomed 1965. DOUBLE. White. Opens soft pink but quickly fades to white. Five inch flowers (13 cm), three per stem. Average of 5 smooth green carpels. Has stamens and pollen. Sturdy growth, flowers well supported on 28 inch stems. Typical lactiflora foliage, dark green. Blooms early midseason. Named for Allan Rogers, peony nurseryman and author (with permission).

Parentage (Nippon Splendor x Good Cheer), 3-species hybrid. First bloomed 1979. Mid-season hybrid, Japanese to bomb, medium height Brick red, yellow-edged collar petalodes highlight the color. Abundant flowers. Center ball grows. Upright plant, wavy leaflets are extra divided, fast increaser. Pollen at petalode edges. Seedling # 1298.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Many Happy Returns' (Hollingsworth, 1986) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early mid-season, Medium height, no scent — A medium-sized bomb of warm, near spectral red, accented with occasional, yellow flecks on the edges of its outermost petaloides. Prolific bloomer and fast increaser with many medium thick, erect stems produced on mature plants. Blooms easily on immature plantlets as well, though blooms may take the form of less transformed anemones. Wavy leaflets are pronouncedly so and give foliage an especially fresh and crisp appearance at bloom time. Foliage benefits from high, afternoon shade in the Midwest, where it can remain attractive until mid-summer. Foliage dies back naturally to the crown under conditions of heat and low soil moisture. Survived a severe late freeze in 2007 that destroyed 98% of buds, blooming most admirably at 75% capacity. This was an exceptional performance under very disappointing circumstances. Vigorous and healthy. Propagate by division with excellent increase; readily roots adventitiously. Gold Medalist 2007

Sable x "Super D." The plant is tall (39") with dark red flowers, single, which are fertile tetraploids. Parentage: Sable is Lyman Glascock, 1949, blackish red single; "Super D" is a big beautiful white double by Roy Pehrson. Seedling # 114.

The Paeonia obovata group is widely distributed in the forests of East-Asia (China, Russia, Japan, Korea). It is distinguished from other groups by its leaves with 9 entire leaflets, solitary flowers, and glabrous carpels. The number of species in this group varies depending on authors. P. obovata ssp obovata, P. obovata ssp willmottiae, P. japonica, P. oreogeton and P. vernalis have all been considered (sub)species.
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Peach semi-double, tetraploid hybrid with pale green carpels, lilac-pink stigmata, and yellow filaments. Low in stature with durable foliage. Seeds. First bloomed 2001. (Originally listed as MAHASKA but name changed, 324:41.)

Tree peony: Suffruticosa. Parentage: P. ostii, open pollinated. First bloomed 2001. Semi-double flowers, shell pink (RHS 37C) fading to white on the edges, 2-3 per stem. Carpels 3-4, green, with near white stigmas (RHS 157D). Well developed disc. Pollen and seeds. Upright growth to 6 ½ feet (2m). Similar to the species, but flowers are larger and pale pink. Named for Maria Grazia, wife of Gian Lupo Osti. Photo on file.

22". Single. Pale pink with slight shade of yellowish green, some petals crinkled. Big leaves, large flowers, stamen stems lavender with cream tops. Dense wide bush. (First called Seashell.)

Herbaceous hybrid single. Very early. Bed. Seedling No. 30 B 1. Parentage: albiflora x officinalis Sunbeam. Very bright red single with a little purple which gives it extra brilliance. Medium height.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Burma Ruby' (Glasscock, 1951) Herbaceous Hybrid, Single, Early, 26?, Strong scent — Buds unfurl with bright red, fully erect petals, forming blooms reminiscent of tulips. Each day blooms open wider, with the entire mound of yellow stamens becoming visible midway through the bloom cycle. At its peak, the bush is covered in uniformly spaced flowers, all at the same level of development; an excellent presentation in the garden. Blooms are long lasting and exhibit excellent keeping qualities both in situ and on the show table. Petals are fluted and ruffled, strongly colorfast and durable. Anthers are hairline-edged red, giving the bloom a Japanese looking form. Stems are sturdy and hold blooms well above a shapely bush, with foliage to the ground. Survives late freezes that can kill the buds of hybrids that normally would bloom concurrently. No side buds. 1985 Gold Medalist

Seedling No. P-13-2011. Parentage unknown. First year bloomed 2016, first propagated 2018. JAPANESE flower form, three blooms per stem, size 6 inches (15 cm). Three rows of white guard petals, 2½ inches wide (6¼ cm). Carpels average 4 in number, smooth, color yellowish green. Stigmas yellow, fertile, makes seeds. Prominent center of narrow yellow staminodes. Early foliage emerges burgundy, matures to green. Upright growth habit to 36 inches (92 cm). Mid/Late bloom season. Named for the registrant’s mother, Marie-Paule Pelland, straight, strong and beautiful like the peony named for her. She raised six children on a pork and dairy farm, later going into potato cultivation. Following a day’s work on the farm and looking after the house, she still had the energy to pursue her passion, gardening. Her magnificent garden won two honorary awards.

Seedling # MM2000-1. Parentage unknown, but it is an advanced generation hybrid. First propagated 2004. SINGLE. The flowers are globe shaped with a high degree of symmetry, pale pink (RHS 55B), typically 4½-5 inches (12 cm) across with smoothly rounded petals, slightly ruffled on the edges, having mid purple-pink flares (RHS 72C). The petals fade to very pale pink though the flares remain clearly visible. Normally one, occasionally two flowers per stem, no fragrance. Average of two carpels with mid pink stigmas. Stamens are long (1½ inches (40mm)), touched red at the base of the filaments. Anthers are slightly twisted but pollen is viable and it will produce seeds. Well developed and complete disc, pale pink in color. Dense upright mid green foliage, broad pointed leaflets, stems to 36 inches (90 cm).Trichomes (hairs) are clearly visible on the reverse of the foliage though the stems are glaborous (smooth). The plant does not require support. It flowers Early/Mid season, approximately the same time as 'Red Charm'. Named in honor of Frère Marie-Victorin (1885-1944), noted Québec botanist and founder of the Jardin botanique de Montréal. The peony was presented in Montréal to the Jardin during the 12th annual show of the Canadian Peony Society.

plant hairs

P. officinalis Rubra Plena. Species: P. officinalis. History: Origin very ancient, doubtful. DESCRIPTION IN BRIEF: Bomb, amarante red, very early, good. DESCRIPTION IN DETAIL: Bomb type, the typical old double red of our grandmothers’ gardens. They usually have carpels which are woolly, but well concealed, foliaceous bracts directly under the flower, no stamens or anthers. Color amarante red 4(168), even throughout. Size medium to large. Odor neutral to unpleasant. Foliage glabrous above, pilose beneath, margins entire and green — typical officinalis foliage.

Carsten Burkhardt: "The precise classification of herbaceous peonies in this group is problematic, as many cultivars identified as Paeonia officinalis in the 20th century are actually descendants of Paeonia peregrina. Until the 1930s, all peregrina types were also referred to as Paeonia officinalis. I doubt that a large part of this group has anything to do with Paeonia officinalis at all—starting with the well-known common garden peony 'Officinalis Rubra Plena,' which is either a cultivar of Paeonia peregrina or (more likely) a hybrid of Paeonia peregrina and another wild species, perhaps Paeonia officinalis."

Growing mostly in deciduous broad-leaved forests, pine forests or mixed forests, less frequently in grasses. The species prefers calcarious soils and is found usually at altitudes from 50 to 1,500 m. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (Mt San Donato di Ninea), Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia and Turkey.

The most distinct character of Paeonia peregrina is its always teeth-lobed leaflets or segments, which distinguish it readily from P. officinalis and P. saueri. The other distinct characters are tuberous or fusiform lateral roots, leaflets or segments often with bristles along veins on the upper surface, and dark-red and cup-shaped corollas.
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Mariechen (Maschke, 2020). Herbaceous Hybrid. Seedling ORP-1. Parentage: (P. officinalis Rubra Plena x P. peregrina) F2. First bloomed around 2000. First propagated 2007. All anthers are uniformly broadened, some 1/12 inch (2 mm) wide, curled and with pollen-bearing edges. Filaments not modified. Flower resembles the Japanese form due to broadened and curled anthers, but there is ample pollen and true staminodes are absent, thus placing it in the SINGLE class if shown at exhibition. Glowing red petals are 2 inches (5 cm) wide, the flower made up of 10-15 petals. One flower per stem, cupped, 5 inches (12½ cm) in size, not fragrant. Three carpels pale green, moderately hairy, stigmas light red. Disc well developed, white. Stamens in the first stage of all-over transformation. Filaments ¾ inches (20 mm) long, red. Anthers ? inches (10 mm), red, pollen bearing edges yellow. Blooms early season, together with P. officinalis Rubra Plena. Presumed tetraploid. Fertile both ways. Has produced seedlings showing fully transformed stamens . Upright growth to 30 inches (75 cm), support not needed. Emerging foliage copper. Leaves usually triternate with up to 14 leaflets, narrow pointed, 4 ½ inches (12 cm) long, 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Has had limited prior distribution under current name. Named to honor Marie Seeliger, the maternal grandmother of originator’s wife. “Mariechen” is the diminutive of Marie, thus a term of endearment.

Bowl of Cream (Klehm, 1963). Lactiflora.

Full double rose type, long lasting flowers, large size bloom; clean glistening cream white, having hidden golden stamens, which tend to light .up the center of the bloom; robust grower, outstanding green foliage; especially adaptable for landscape planting; 9½ inch flowers, 31 in. tall. Time of bloom not given. No seedling number nor parentage given. Patent applied for.

Note: Awarded the American Peony Society’s Gold Medal in 1981.

Herbaceous hybrid. Semi-Double. Lacti x lobata. Intense, luminous, vermilion scarlet bomb. Very large.

Double type; large; midseason. Blooms are borne in clusters, with smaller, saucer-shaped side flowers; pale blush-pink, almost white, with yellow stamens mixed with a few irregular petals in the center; fair fragrance. Medium height; very floriferous; stems strong. Foliage abundant. In some seasons it is decidedly pink, especially on the back of the blooms near the calyx. As usually seen, the flowers are charming and informal and the plant is very graceful. “Terminal flowers on established plants are well filled out. A first-class exhibition bloom, and one of the most beautiful of all peonies.”—Saunders. “A first-class exhibition bloom. The laterals, if not disbudded, will produce semi-double flowers.”—Thurlow. “Often one of our greatest show peonies.”—Brand.

Parentage: unnamed seedling of 'Martha W.' x AT:158-04 (Lutea Hybrid Gp seedling). First bloomed 2006, first propagated 2009. DOUBLE. Flowers one to a stem, 5-6 inches in size. Double red flowers (the only double red member of the Itoh Group registered to date). Stamens with cream colored filaments, no pollen. Carpels are green, smooth, normally 5 in number, surrounded by a cream colored sheath. No fragrance. Plant of upright growth habit, height 26-28 inches. Named for William D. Hoard Jr. (1897-1972), founder of the Hoard Museum in Fort Atkinson, WI. and 3rd Editor of Hoard’s Dairyman, an agricultural magazine established in 1885.

Seedling # MM2008-05. Parentage unknown. First propagated in 2004. SINGLE. Flower size 140 mm (5½ inches). Blooms are long lasting, open a warm buttery yellow and fade to almost white before petal drop The deep pink flares become more prominent as the flowers age. Petals are slightly ruffled along edges, otherwise held mostly flat. Average of three flowers per stem, no fragrance. Average of three carpels per flower, green, moderately hairy, with mid pink stigmas. Pollen bearing stamens are yellow throughout. Produces seeds. Well developed, complete disc, white in color. Glabrous green shoots emerge to produce a large robust plant with broad pointed leaflets that is reliably floriferous. Height to 105 cm (41 inches). Early/Midseason bloom (corresponds to Week 4). Named in celebration of Mary Sinclair’s 65th Birthday. A Long standing member of Garden Club of Toronto, Mary is a passionate lover of the peony. In naming this peony 'Mary Contrary' Mrs. Sinclair has made a generous donation to Le Nichoir Wild Bird Rehabilitation Centre.

Without hairs.

Herbaceous hybrid. Lacti x Otto Froebel. Pale Shirley poppy pink, slightly fringed at the edges.

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Parentage, Paula Fay X Moonrise; Sib. of F-11; First bloomed in 1974. Hybrid, pale salmon pink, semi-double, flat flower. Reliable, good substance, pollen and seeds. Sturdy stems, 30 inches in height, early bloom with other lobata hybrids, deep green glossy foliage. Seedling of Paula Fay, similar plant habits. The pale salmon pink color shows the cream inherited from Moonrise. Sets seeds very easily. Does not form adventitious buds on root cuttings, therefore slower of propagation. Proven useful for hybridizing. Seedling # F-10

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Salmon Dream' (Reath, D.L., 1979) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early, 30" — A light, salmon pink, semi-double with rounded, gently cupped petals that are creamier at their edges and flatten as the bloom develops. Petals possess good substance and a satin sheen. A center boss of yellow stamens surround light green carpels tipped with light pink stigmata. Younger plants are more apt to produce self-colored petaloides that emerge through its center, giving the bloom a fuller appearance. Stems are strong and erect, standing well during the bloom cycle and creating a tidy compact plant. Flowers nestle just above shiny, medium-dark green foliage that covers to the ground, a beautiful presentation of a bush in bloom. Post bloom bush is attractive. Juvenile stems and leaflets emerge chartreuse green tinged red. Moderate increase in situ. Propagates by division and has proven to be moderately adventitious. 2008 Gold Medal Winner and 2009 Peony of the Year

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Matilda Lewis (Saunders, 1921). Lactiflora. Double type; large; midseason. Loosely formed blooms of dark maroon. Medium tall; upright, vigorous growth; stiff stems. Foliage dark green. Like all reds of this shade, the flowers have a tendency to turn black in very bright sunlight. Very nearly the same color as M. MARTIN CAHUZAC, foliage and stems also very similar, but the flower is better filled out, comes about a week later, and the plant is generally a better grower. Should not be confused with MRS. JOHN M. LEWIS (Lewis) of somewhat similar color.

Seedling 99/035. Parentage: Raised from open polliated mixed Gansu Mudan seeds. First bloomed 1999. First propagated 2014. SEMI-DOUBLE with 3-4 rows of petals. One flower per stem, 16 cm (6¼") in size. Petals pink, darker near the flares, then fading to creamy pink at petal’s edge. Dark red flares extend about a quarter of petal's length, with bleeding edges. Petals cupped. Carpels white, moderately hairy, 5 in number. Stigmas white, normal anatomy. Pollen-bearing stamens, filaments red at base, creamy pink at tip. Sheath white, complete. Fragrance. Blooms early/mid-season. Typical Gansu Mudan foliage. Spreading upright growth to 120 cm (48"). A healthy and vigorous grower. The flower reminds the originator of an early peaceful sunrise and is thus named for composer Ruggero Leoncavallo’s song "Mattinata",which means morning. To be propagated and distributed by W. Giessler, Gross-Rosenburg, Germany

study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

Seedling #79H5-6. Has had prior distribution under the name “Dreamtime.” Parentage: 'Pink Vanguard' x 'Salmon Dream'. The seed-parent is from 'Blushing Princess' x 'Salmon Dream', and it is the double dose of 'Salmon Dream' in the pedigree that suggested the word "dream" as part of the cultivar name. A pink, many-petaled SINGLE with three rows of guard petals. Fragrance. Carpels 3 to 4 in number, are green, smooth, and have pink stigmas. Stamens are yellow throughout. Well-developed staminodal disk with cream-colored projections. It has fertile pollen and is a prolific seeder. Red foliage color on emergence from ground. Grows to 3 feet (100 cm) or more in height with broad pointed green foliage. 'Dreamtime' is a very fast and vigorous grower that needs no support. Midseason bloom. An excellent garden subject as stems are strong and foliage remains in fine shape throughout the season.

35". Single. Clear pink, big flowers, a bit crinkled and mottled, 6 inches wide. Average number of flowers, big heavy long bright golden stamens. Near white pistils have red tops. Fairly dense plant, big leaves, flowers carried high above bush.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Roselette' (Saunders, 1950) Herbaceous Hybrid, Very early, 36?, Strong scent — Second generation hybrid descended from P. lactiflora, P. mlokosewitschi and P. tenuifolia; single. For those chomping at the bit each spring, 'Roselette' is prized for its early blooms that usher in the season of full size peonies. Each warm pink bloom is cupped and crinkled, consisting of nine or ten petals with occasional hairline streaks of cool red running their length along vein lines. A feather flare of light pink is evident on the backside of the petals. Stamen filaments are lighter and more lemon in color than the stamens. Carpels are light lemon green and tipped deep red. Erect stems hold blooms high above the bush. Mature blooms remain attractive withstanding early spring winds. Light green foliage is dense and, if Roselette is well situated and watered, durable all season, a legacy of its big-leafed peony heritage, P. macrophylla. A model of health above ground, so too 'Roselette' is below, with unearthed six-year old plants showing no evidence of root rot. Establishes and increases stem count quickly. Propagates readily by division, yielding superior “wagon wheel” type bare roots, attached to three–five eyed crown. Also propagates by adventitious roots. Suitable for landscape only.

Seedling DT-SB-5-37. Parentage: 'Dreamtime' x 'Sunny Boy'. Raised from seed bought of Bill Seidl (USA), 2009. First bloomed 2011; first propagated 2013. Huge 2 inch (5 cm), blush white buds open into large full-petaled DOUBLE blooms of 7 inch (17½ cm) size. Long-lasting flowers open blush pink, fade to creamy white. One bloom per stem. An average of three carpels, green, smooth, having red stigmas of normal morphology. Has pollen-bearing stamens and makes seeds. Fragrant. Blooms very early in the season before 'Sunny Boy' and with 'Roselette'. Strong thick stems of 30 inch (75 cm) length support the heavy upright flowers. Dark green broad foliage provides appealing contrast to the flower. Named after the fictional character Roman General “Maximus Decimus Meridius,” of the movie “Gladiator”.

Double. Seedling of Mme. Calot. White, mixed-width petals make up the flowers of this fragrant late bloomer. Many vigorous 29" upright stems make a dense attractive bush which flowers well and regularly. Highly recommended.

Hybrid, herbaceous single. Parentage tenuifolia x unknown. First bloomed, unknown. Deep red single, flat form, stamens gold, reliable, good substance, stigmas red, strong, 24" stems, very hardy, early bloom, fine cut, bright deep green foliage, good branching. Bloom is 5" in diameter, petals 2.5" wide. This plant may have been known as Zelda in the Goldsmith collection, as it was labeled Zelda in the field. Introduced by Hollingsworth/Smetana, July 25, 1994. Colored slide filed. Seedling # Saunders 8277

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Merry Mayshine' (Saunders / Hollingsworth / Smetana, 1994) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early, 28? — Bright, deep crimson single, up to six inches across with yellow centers set above full, dark green, deeply cut, fern-l eaf foliage; P. tenuifolia heritage. Innermost petals are watermarked on their backsides. Blooms face upward and are reflexive, closing on overcast days. Stems are erect, a rare posture for fern leaf hybrids. Excellent candidate for a unique low spring hedge, if planted close together where foliage readily blends and masks individual plant’s outline. Although foliage is down to the ground, lowest leaflets are in shadow. Foliage reputedly durable if supplied with adequate moisture after blooming. Vigorous, growing well in southern climes where some P. tenuifolia hybrids fail. Establishes itself quickly; prolific increase. Suitable for landscape use only.

35". Semi-double to full double, red, lusterless, lemon pistils have lemon tops.

Very dark red Jap. Good upright grower, vigorous, late, 34 inches. An improvement on Fuyajo. Seedling # JE-3.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Charm' (Franklin, 1931) Lactiflora Group, Late mid-season, 38? — A lustrous and satiny, dark red Japanese form bloom with a center of the same red petaloids, etched yellow. Stiff and relatively straight stems angle outward gracefully to form a very large, harmoniously mounded, fountain of blooms. An eight-year-old plant matures to 40 or so stems that emerge from a relatively compact area. Although individual blooms are at their peak for a shorter duration than those of other lactifloras, plenty of side buds help 'Charm' maintain its striking presence in the landscape. One of the later Japanese form peonies to bloom.

Seedling TF-8. Parentage: (P. tenuifolia 'Plena' x P. tenuifolia 'Rosea')F2. First bloomed 2012, first propagated 2013. Fully double BOMB form. Baby pink flowers are borne 1 to a stem, 3¼ inches (8 cm) in size, up facing to slightly out facing. Two to three carpels on average which are glabrous to slightly tomentose, green and topped with whitish stigmas, the latter sometimes deformed. Disc poorly developed. No pollen, but as a pod parent normally fertile but not with other pink P. tenuifolia, so far. Not fragrant. Blooming time very early, together with or slightly ahead of P. tenuifolia 'Plena'. Finely cut foliage, pale green on emergence, is typical of the species. Average height to 15 inches (38 cm); support not needed. Named after originator's mother who was not the tallest person but the best mother one can imagine.