Cultivars

Growing in bushes and grasslands, but also in open woods, at altitudes from lowlands to 2,300 m, but to 3,400 m in Sichuan Province (Kangding), China. In E Asia: China, the Korea Peninsula, E Mongolia, and Russia (the Far East and SE Siberia).

The most distinct character of Paeonia lactiflora is the cartilaginous thickening along the leaf margins, which are dentate—spinose on these thickenings.
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18". Single. Small flowers white edged with bright pink. Tops of pistils are red, stems of stamens are red. Plant dense, big leaves.

stamen: one of the male organs of a flower, consisting typically of a stalk (filament) and a pollen-bearing portion (anther)

(Wissing, 1966) (711 E.) Label lost. Believe it to be F3-black cross. (Lactiflora x Miss America X4992). White, double with red markings. Registered by Samuel E. Wissing, Lombard, Illinois. Bulletin 182 September 1966.

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Parentage - unknown - chance seedling - might be of Mons Jules Elie. First bloom 1974 - a full double, all subsequent years blooms single. Single light pink lactiflora - early to midseason bloom, no fragrance. 32 inches in height, many stems, stiff and wirey. A very nice plant but not valued for its beauty of flower but rather for the hybridizer. A proven seed parent for the Itoh hybrids. Highly fertile both ways with large seeds in great abundance. An apparent break-through for the hybridizer. Seedling # S 172

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(officinalis Rosea Plena x lobata) 17". Single, pale pink with much pale yellow and some salmon tint. Flowers darker inside their deep bowl, rib at petal base, 2-3 inches wide and not too plentiful. White pistils with pink tops, dense plant.

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carpel: an organ at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.

[caption id="attachment_29279" align="alignleft" width="476"] Carpel of P. ludlowii, showing ovary, style and stigma[/caption]

Stigma: the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.

[caption id="attachment_29279" align="alignleft" width="476"] Carpel of P. ludlowii, showing ovary, style and stigma[/caption]

Itoh double hybrid. Seedling #A80-02. First bloomed 1984. Parentage, double white lactiflora x Reath hybrid tree. Pure white double with lavender flares. This Itoh is flat in form, reliable with average amount of bloom on good strong stems, dark green fol

No seedling number, but propagated under the garden name “Yellow Double” from which the cultivar name is derived, and with limited distribution as “YeDo”. Parentage: an unnamed Lactiflora Gp seedling x Reath’s A-198, a Lutea Hybrid Gp seedling. First bloomed 2004, first propagated 2004. DOUBLE. Flowers are 6 or more inches in size, yellow, with the edges of the outer petals fading to an ivory picotee. Petals are slightly frilled and have pink flares which are normally obscured due to the fullness of the flower. Four to 6 carpels, light green. A few stamens, but no pollen. Sheath yellow, partial. Has typical Itoh foliage. Height at maturity average of 28 inches. Spreading plant but does not need mechanical support. No fragrance. 'Sonoma YeDo' is similar to 'Sonoma Halo', but more double. They share the same pollen parent but have different home grown unnamed Lactiflora seedlings as pod parent.

filament: the stalk of a stamen

Leaf tip or base circular, no distinct point.

Plant anatomy is the scientific discipline that deals with the study of the inner structure of plants, examining their internal structures

CoDo (Tetzlaff Max/Tetzlaff Stephan, 2023) Intersectional. Sport isolated from ‘Sonoma YeDo’ (parentage: Lactiflora Seedling x Reath #A-198). First bloomed 2018, first propagated 2018. Mid-season blooming DOUBLE flowers are white with a striated overlay of light pink (RHS 62C), and deep pink flares (61C) emanating from flower center transcending approximately 50% of total petal length and with blurred edges. Flowers are 18-20cm (7-8″) in diameter, outward facing, and average one to three per stem. Guard petals are rounded, frilled, and average 3.8cm (1.5″) in width. No fragrance noted. Possesses four to six sparsely hairy light-green carpels (149C) with red stigmas (47B) of normal anatomy. Sheath is partial, and green in color (142C). Stamens are between 1.25-2cm (0.5-0.75″), with yellow filaments (14A-17A). No fertility noted. Plants reach up to 76cm (30″) at maturity, and carry broadly cut green foliage. Foliage at the time of emergence is reddish in color. Growth habit is spreading, but does not require mechanical support. Originating from a mutation, the cultivar has been named in reference to the “parent” plant, ‘Sonoma YeDo’, where in this case ‘CoDo’ stands for “Cora Double”. This is in reference to the cultivar ‘Cora Louise’, a plant whose flowers are very similar in coloration to those of this plant, however here presented in double form.

Widely distributed from the Iberian Peninsula to the Balkans via France, Italy and Switzerland.
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Seedling number not known. Parentage: Mons. Jules Elie x Mlokosewitschi. This variety represents the only successful cross ever made, using lactiflora, x Mlokosewitschi. It is true light creamy yellow single. Its guard petals are well rounded and crinkled and form a large cupped flower of great beauty. Its filaments are yellow supporting orange colored anthers, which are usually numerous. It sets abundant seed. It has hairy white carpels and light pink stigmas. The stems are about 28 inches tall and are thin, but stiff. Its foliage is pink in the Spring. It is a vigorous grower and has excellent plant habit.

Parentage, seed parent #278 (raised from Pehrson seeds). Pollen parent seedling #686 (sib. to Summer Glow [Lady Duff x Claire de Lune]). First year bloomed before 1985. Hybrid, red-violet pink, single, stigmas, red purple, yellow stamens, cup shaped, has stamens, pollen, seeds. Reliable, 44 inches in height, with strong erect stems, holding large flowers close to the bush. Large and dark green foliage, vigorous. The plant is fertile both ways. Received AWARD of Merit at the National Exhibition 1993. Seedling # 1820.

From Hollingsworth Peonies: Color Magnet (Hollingsworth 1994) M-ML. Single; smoothly cupped petals of the same hue as peony Lavender, but the plant and foliage are dramatically different. Robust, medium tall, stems stoutly erect, heavy substance throughout, bold leaflets of deep green. The flower color may be more reddish where cool spring temperatures prevail. Sibling of Fairfield. Fertile both ways. APS seedling Certificate of Merit 1993.

Parentage Paeonia lactiflora Lady Alexandra Duff x Clair de Lune. First bloomed before 1980. Full double hybrid, RHS color chart: overall 18D yellow orange (pale) with variable suffusion of 51D. Strong stems, 30-36 height, large dark green foliage, disease tolerant, large flower, reliable. No stamens or carpels found. This hybrid, backcross to lactiflora, looks lactiflora except the yellow color which remains distinct to petal fall. Certificate of Merit, 1991. Seedling # 685.

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Herbaceous hybrid, single. First bloomed 1985. Tall plant, 40 inches. Ruby Red-color chart 61A, light yellow stamens. Cupped shape, single, seeds, pollen, good substance. The parentage is two pale violet flowered seedlings (#278 of Pehrson seed X No. 686, sibling of Summer Glow) from same seed pod as Color Magnet. Foliage is dark green at maturity. Very strong stems, holds flower erect. Seedling # 1819.

From Hollingsworth Peonies: Fairfield (Hollingsworth 1998) EM-M Single; broad, rounded petals are bright ruby red; small stamen boss is light yellow. Flowers are set close to the bush, a large terminal flower and 3-4 side buds, giving a long flowering season. Colorful throughout the spring, shoots emerge purple; heavy leaflets are dark green at maturity. Very robust, stoutly erect, excellent in the landscape. Much pollen , prolific seeder. Sibling of Color Magnet.

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Single. Light pinkish lavender, bright, average sized flowers, white pistils with red tops. 22" tall.

Parents unknown. This fine Jap type peony has guard petals that are a beautiful shade of medium red with a little touch of rose. The stamenodes are finely cut and not heavy as in some Japs. They are yellow with a little of the guard petal color. Pistils are green with tips the same color as the guard petals. It blooms mid-season on a very good three foot plant that has fine dark green foliage. Seedling # 4-57.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Comanche' (Bigger, 1965) Lactiflora Group, Late mid-season - 36? — A large, dark rose, Japanese form bloom with a center of multi-colored staminodes; ones that are lemony yellow at their base, with a rosy washed band in the middle and wider, creamier yellow tips. Plenty of side buds extend the blooming season. Extremely thick, stiff st ems, highly unusual for this class of peony, help make for a durable and robust presence in the landscape—in bloom and out. Large, dark green leaves. One of the last Japanese form peonies to bloom. It is very dependable and very vigorous.

21". Single, pink with quite a lot of orange, streaked some, small flowers, has pollen, yellow stamens, white pistils with pale pink tops. Officinalis-like foliage.

Herbaceous hybrid. Single. Lacti x officinalis. Bright red. This name should be changed as it rightfully belongs to Mr. Gumm's red double.

White, semi-double, blush, fades to white. Early. Type of Minnie Shaylor and Sylvia Saunders but a decided improvement on these. Very large flower of good substance. Some flowers develop center petals in wet season. Average height, strong stems. A peony of the highest quality. Seedling No. 20—Honorable Mention, American Peony Society, June 21, 1931, Century of Progress, Chicago. Seedling # 20.

(Saunders, 1953) - Double - Pale Pink - Hybrid. Albiflora x lobata. List in Bulletin 129.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Cytherea' (Saunders, 1953) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early, 24? — Intense, warm rose-colored, semi-double flowers carried on strong, upright stems begin bloom as closed, symmetrical balls that gradually open to a bowl shape, six inches across. Blooms keep well on the plant, remaining viable for up to a week as they slowly turn from warm rose to peachy pink to cream to ghost white. Blooms can open intermittently, so blooms at various stages of development and color may be present on a single bush. Young blooms are reflexive, protecting themselves from inclement weather by closing up and reopening when the weather breaks and the sky lightens. Foliage is subject to summer senescence due to heat and water stress. Plants may take some extra time to get established, with ten-year-old plants maturing to not more than 18 stems. Reputed to grow well as far south as Birmingham, Alabama, with Regina, Saskatchewan appearing to approach its northern limit. Roots are adventitious and small, even for a hybrid, so divisions may appear fragile though plentiful; a three year old plant can yield four standard three–five eyed divisions with six to eight smaller, substandard “plantbacks” (Editor’s Note: “Plantbacks” are substandard divisions either with less root or fewer eyes, not saleable but too good to discard and good enough to use as propagation stock). Poorly stored roots may be more susceptible to fungus and rot than most. 1980 Gold Medalist

Chinensis X officinalis Otto Froebel. Large, single, cup-shaped bloom of deep mahogany color. Very early.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Mahogany' (Glasscock, 1937) Hybrid, Dark Red Japanese, Earl y mid-season, Medium height. (lactiflora x Otto Froebel) —Medium-sized blooms of good substance consist of two rows of intensely pigmented, dark red petals that are somewhat cupped and irregularly edged. Each petal lightens toward its base and lower mid rib creating less color saturated flares. When looking down into the bloom these flares, both on the innermost petals and the partial covered outermost petals, create a starburst pattern radiating from the flower's center. The center consists of creamy green carpels tipped lightest pink, encircled by a ring of short, thick and barely transformed staminodes. The overall sheen of the bloom is unique, similar to that of red lacquer nail polish; and although the bloom flattens and loses its form with age, it remains relatively color fast. The stalks are slender and hold blooms erect above the foliage with the exterior stalks incurving slightly for a more compact floral presentation. Blooms are one per stalk and open all together (and reflexively close all togethe r in inclement weather) with no need for mechanical support. Foliated lateral stem production begins just above the soil line and proceeds up the stalk, creating a compact bush that obscures its “legs” from view. Foliage is light green with durable, medium-sized leaflets that are notched and somewhat flat. The bush has the capacity to hold its pre-bloom shape and maintain clean foliage well into the post-bloom period. 'Mahogany' is vigorous and establishes a many stemmed plant quickly, even when soil conditions are less than ideal. As a cut flower, Mahogany has a long history of success at APS Exhibitions, though blooms may not be as enduring as others and can show the stress of prolonged cold storage with darkening coloration and petals that lose their naturalness. Not adventitious and best propagated by division.

Lancelike, of a leaf, about four times as long as it is broad, broadest in the lower half and tapering towards the tip.

petiole: the stalk at the base of the leaf blade, attaching and supporting the leaf blade to the stem.

sepal: each of the parts of the calyx of a flower, enclosing the petals and typically green and leaflike

Double type; very large; late. Dark rose-pink, edged a trifle lighter, with inconspicuous red edges on a few central petals, and an occasional golden yellow anther in the collar; agreeably fragrant, but not especially so. Medium height; floriferous; strong stems. Good foliage. Very popular, and considered one of the best exhibition flowers. It is somewhat undependable in blooming and of no special value for garden decoration. "A very reliable and abundant bloomer with me."—Saunders. "Not reliable with me but a very beautiful flower."—Boyd.

From the Dutch peony testing series in 1998((footnote: Kortmann, J. "Paeonia: pioen." In: Dendroflora, 1998, vol 35, pp 58-95.)) , own translation:
'Sarah Bernhardt' (Lemoine, France, 1906). Flowers pink, double, petal edges pale pink to silvery white (total colour impression hardly influenced by this), small red flecks on some petals in the center (hardly conspicuous); leaves mid large, lustreless with a brownred glow, upperside of stems slightly brownred, height 95 cm, flowers and stems sturdy; number of stems excellent. This cultivar from France is widespread worldwide and well-know thanks to its good qualities. Thanks to the sturdiness of the stems it is an appropriate cultivar both for the garden and cutflowers. This follows from the next figures: in 1995 at the auction in Aalsmeer some 3 million stems of it were sold, same thing in 1996. Despite the fact that this cultivar is somewhat susceptible towards botrytis, the positive characteristics like sturdiness, flower colour, leaf quality and number of stems predominate. It should also be noted that around 1900 other cultivars with the same name were offered in the trade, more precisely from Calot and Dessert, these never made any marks.

Remark from koen hurtekant: the "sturdiness" of the stems is heavily overstated, the fact that it is the largest cultivar both in plants and number of cutflower stems may make the review somewhat biased IMHO.

Lutea hybrid Parentage—Golden Isle x Daphnis fertile pollens First bloomed 1971 Yellow, reddish flares, stamens, pollen, seeds, fragrant. One to three buds per stem, moderate amount of bloom, sturdy stems, flowers held high above the foliage, 5' height. Bloom in lutea hybrid season, sturdy growth, heavy textured leaves. Carpels green, cream stigmatic tips, reddish maroon flares at base of petals, radiates outward. Very light reddish picotee edge on most petals, very heavy petal substance. Fertile pod and pollen. Seedling # A199

Parentage (SH-35: Golden Era x Chinese Dragon) x Zephyrus. Hybrid tree peony, first bloomed 1992. Light pink shading darker to rose burgundy flares, filaments, sheath and carpel tips. Similar to Shintenchi but a shade lighter. 6" flowers are single, the 1

(also has been labeled AL-42). Double shrub hybrid. Parentage GOLDEN ERA x ALICE HARDING. First bloomed 1987. Straw-yellow flowers, inherit doubleness of ALICE HARDING and light red flecking and edging of Golden Era. Strong, vigorous, upright stems. Ferti

anther: pollen-bearing structure in the stamen (male organ) of the flower usually located on top of the filament of the stamen

(of the ovary of a flower) situated above the sepals and petals

P. officinalis Rubra Plena. Species: P. officinalis. History: Origin very ancient, doubtful. DESCRIPTION IN BRIEF: Bomb, amarante red, very early, good. DESCRIPTION IN DETAIL: Bomb type, the typical old double red of our grandmothers’ gardens. They usually have carpels which are woolly, but well concealed, foliaceous bracts directly under the flower, no stamens or anthers. Color amarante red 4(168), even throughout. Size medium to large. Odor neutral to unpleasant. Foliage glabrous above, pilose beneath, margins entire and green — typical officinalis foliage.

Carsten Burkhardt: "The precise classification of herbaceous peonies in this group is problematic, as many cultivars identified as Paeonia officinalis in the 20th century are actually descendants of Paeonia peregrina. Until the 1930s, all peregrina types were also referred to as Paeonia officinalis. I doubt that a large part of this group has anything to do with Paeonia officinalis at all—starting with the well-known common garden peony 'Officinalis Rubra Plena,' which is either a cultivar of Paeonia peregrina or (more likely) a hybrid of Paeonia peregrina and another wild species, perhaps Paeonia officinalis."

semi-double hybrid; parentage, Charlie's White x Otto Frobel; first bloomed 1972. Pink coral, semi-double, good substance, stamens, pollen, fragrant, no seeds, good amount of bloom; 36-inch height, early, good foliage, excellent stem strength. Cupped and rounded double and triple row of guard petals holding an attractive coral and pinkish array of petals. The semi-double blooms are especially becoming with their golden stamens. Seedling # F7

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Pink Hawaiian Coral' (Klehm, R.G., 1981) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early, 36? — A large, rose-form, semi-double with layers of translucent coral petals, blended creamier with a yellow influence at their bases. Prominent feathered watermarks appear on the backside of outermost petals. Centers can be nearly full of petals, with harmonious accents of yellow (stamens), cream (carpels) and pink (stigmata) poking through, or in full evidence. Flowers bloom in relative unison and are evenly spaced, one per stem. Stems are strong and well foliated along their length to just beneath the flower bud. Depending on the incidence of light, blooms can appear sizzling hot or lit from within. Blooms are attractive as they fade, remaining shapely and exhibiting delicate pastel tints. It’s one of the first peonies to emerge from the ground, with less than month old shoots and buds able to survive severe drops in temperature. It is among the first of the coral hybrids to bloom. Post bloom stems and foliage are susceptible to heat and water stress; early die back to the crown is normal. Vigorous—establishes itself quickly, with a six year-old plant possessing 30 stems. Propagates readily by division and adventitious roots. 2000 Gold Medalist

Parentage: Minnie Shaylor x Otto Froebel, first bloomed about 1965; seedling number unknown. Double hybrid, deep coral, flat form, reliable, stamens, pollen, no seeds, fragrant. Good substance. Good stem strength with excellent foliage, 34 inches, early, vigorous. Appears to be a sister seedling of Coral Charm. Mr. Wissing worked over 26 years to achieve these beautiful and unique coral hybrids. One bud per stem. Plant patent applied for.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Coral Sunset' (Wissing, 1965) Herbaceous Hybrid, Semi-double, Early, 32? — Big (five inches across x two and a half inches deep), durable, semi-double, cupped shaped, coral-rose flowers, that open wider and turn the color of parchment as they age. Individual flowers retain their form and stay viable decorative elements for an exceptionally long time in situ. With occasional side buds helping to prolong the flowering period, blooms at different stages of development will be present on a single plant. Stems emerge yellow-green from the ground in the spring. Foliage is larger but less finely cut than that of 'Coral Charm' and remains attractive only when soil stays evenly moist throughout the season. It withstands late freezes in Arkansas (the freeze of 2007 being the exception), but may be injured in other regions where late freezes may be harsher or more untimely. Farther north, 'Coral Sunset' is reputed to survive severe winter cold down to -40º F. Increases slowly and matures to 18 stems on a ten-year-old plant . Mature roots are very long, with many never deeper than a few inches. Propagate by division or adventitious root. 2003 Gold Medalist

F2, inbred Officinalis Otto Froebel (tetraploid). A huge bowl shaped flower with a brilliant penetrating coral color, which has a mild agreeable sheen. The color lightens to a pale cream as the golden center of stamen's is approached. It is semi-double. The guards and second row of petals are large and have no undesirable petal notches. The petals become narrower and become gradually erect toward the center of the flower. The flower has unusual substance and is a free bloomer. Borne on 36 in. rigid stems, with good foliage. It is late "June 1st here" for a hybrid, and has real vigor. It had three blooms the first time it bloomed in 1S62, seven blooms the second year in 1963, and ten blooms in 1984. It has the stamina to stay in refrigeration for ten days at least and still do well. Seedling # 640.

This beautiful color break is the result of inbreeding Lactiflora Minnie Shaylor. 1964 was the first time it bloomed, although the seed germinated in 1957. Four seeds were planted, two of which germinated. One is 30 in. in height and the sister seedling 6

Semi-double type; large; midseason. Several rows of fluffy, crepe-like petals of clear, light pink, serrated at tips toward the center; stamens very prominent; anthers golden yellow, with paler filaments; carpels green, pink at base, with striking crimson stigmas. A flat flower of clean, saucer-like form, rather recalling the shape of LA ROSIÈRE but not so double. Habit of plant not known.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Minnie Shaylor' (Shaylor, 1919) Lactiflora Group, Mid-season, 38? — Several rows of fluffy crepe-like petals that become narrower and more finely cut toward the center, open light pink and quickly brighten to white; semi-double. Flower center is striking with prominent, bright red stigmas poking through a boss of golden yellow sta mens. Flowers are flat, drain well and bloom close to the bush. Dark green foliage provides an excellent foil. Under optimum circumstances, initial flowers bloom en masse and within a few days as they begin to lose their freshness, the blossoms drop all of their petals seemingly at once, leaving a clean bush with a “shadow” of white petals on the ground. A day or so later another flush of bloom follows, repeating the cycle. Even under less than ideal conditions, 'Minnie Shaylor' looks neat and trim, surviving Mother Nature and growers’ neglect. Pre-bloom buds are attractive with a striping of raspberry on white at their tips. Post-bloom foliage persists with adequate moisture. Reputed to grow well as far south as Birmingham, Alabama and verified as an exceptional and reliable performer in Shreveport, Louisiana. One of the very best tall landscape peonies.

Single bright red. Very early. Dwarf, 12 inches. Cross of officinalis Otto Froebel x Tenuifolia, single. Seedling # 32-R-3.

Seedling #NB28. Parentage: 'Sedona' x Seidl #141. First bloomed 2007, first propagated 2013. Advanced generation lutea hybrid. One flower per stem, seldom a side-bud. Flower size to 7 inches (18 cm). Large SEMI-DOUBLE of cream heavily blushed in coral-pink. Coral color is more prominent in center of the flower with outer petals more cream. Petals notched, ruffled and crimped. Dark maroon flares on inner-most petals. Typically 5 carpels. Coral-pink stigmas, red sheath and filaments. Fertile both ways. Flowers present around and on top of bush. Foliage wide and dark green. Plants are rounded and foliated to the ground, stems not easily visible. Plants attain 3.5 feet in Wisconsin (104 cm). Any winter stem kill is replaced by vigorous basal shoots. Better than average amount of bloom for a lutea hybrid. Outstanding. We named this Coral Nebula as it conjures visions of a coral space scape.

Seedling #SH-50. Parentage: Seidl #SH-8 ('Age of Gold' x Daphnis 223) x Seidl #SH-11 (Daphnis 223 x 'Chinese Dragon'). Named by Kris Casey of Manitowoc, for the colored sandstone cliffs around Sedona, AZ. First bloomed in 1987. Has had prior distribution as 'Sedona'. A many petaled SINGLE (pushing towards semi double) with 12-13 petals, dusky red with darker flares, and dark sheath. Flares are short, about 10% of petal’s length, and have a blurred edge. Under some conditions petal color appears as a cream base with a heavy wash of red-pink. Carpels are green, smooth, and have pink stigmas with normal morphology. Pollen bearing stamens are light red at the base and yellow towards the tip. The seed was harvested in 1983, had delayed germination to late 1984 and bloomed in spring 1987. Seedlings from 'Sedona' often have the same rapid development. Plants grow to about 40 inches (100 cm), have large, heavy foliage that is deeply cut, colored deep green, and flushed purple along the edges. The growth habit is to spread and is quite stoloniferous. Bloom is heavy and there are seldom terminal buds available for grafting. Flowers are side facing and some lower buds my lay on the ground. Flower stems usually produce 3 to 4 buds per stem. Seed fertility is high and seedlings produced have same robust characteristics of Sedona. Resulting offspring are often double, fertile, well-formed and have good carriage.

running lengthwise rather than across

(Freeborn, 1943) - Double - Red - Midseason - Hybrid. Very double deep crimson. Foliage distinctive and graceful. Flowers very double, opening very slowly to a well formed, deep crimson bomb, which holds its color for a long time. Desirable garden plant.

Officinalis x lactiflora. Single, early red. Seedling A1A77, second generation Otto Frobel hybrid. This is a very remarkable, small, black single which is a second generation hybrid as stated above and was displayed at the Milwaukee, Wis., show in 1944. M

Parentage, Festiva Maxima, open pollinated. First bloomed 1989. Double blush pink, only one bud per stem. Height 36", fair stem strength. Foliage dark green. This blush pink ball has uniform petals across the dome, which is about 7" diameter. Light red ga

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Parentage, Paula Fay X Moonrise; Sib. of F-11; First bloomed in 1974. Hybrid, pale salmon pink, semi-double, flat flower. Reliable, good substance, pollen and seeds. Sturdy stems, 30 inches in height, early bloom with other lobata hybrids, deep green glossy foliage. Seedling of Paula Fay, similar plant habits. The pale salmon pink color shows the cream inherited from Moonrise. Sets seeds very easily. Does not form adventitious buds on root cuttings, therefore slower of propagation. Proven useful for hybridizing. Seedling # F-10

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Salmon Dream' (Reath, D.L., 1979) Herbaceous Hybrid, Early, 30" — A light, salmon pink, semi-double with rounded, gently cupped petals that are creamier at their edges and flatten as the bloom develops. Petals possess good substance and a satin sheen. A center boss of yellow stamens surround light green carpels tipped with light pink stigmata. Younger plants are more apt to produce self-colored petaloides that emerge through its center, giving the bloom a fuller appearance. Stems are strong and erect, standing well during the bloom cycle and creating a tidy compact plant. Flowers nestle just above shiny, medium-dark green foliage that covers to the ground, a beautiful presentation of a bush in bloom. Post bloom bush is attractive. Juvenile stems and leaflets emerge chartreuse green tinged red. Moderate increase in situ. Propagates by division and has proven to be moderately adventitious. 2008 Gold Medal Winner and 2009 Peony of the Year

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Growing mostly in deciduous broad-leaved forests, pine forests or mixed forests, less frequently in grasses. The species prefers calcarious soils and is found usually at altitudes from 50 to 1,500 m. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (Mt San Donato di Ninea), Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia and Turkey.

The most distinct character of Paeonia peregrina is its always teeth-lobed leaflets or segments, which distinguish it readily from P. officinalis and P. saueri. The other distinct characters are tuberous or fusiform lateral roots, leaflets or segments often with bristles along veins on the upper surface, and dark-red and cup-shaped corollas.
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Crixus (Warmerdam, 2024). Herbaceous Hybrid. Garden named “Crixus”, and previously distributed under this name. Parentage: ‘Salmon Dream’ x P. peregrina (presumed). First bloomed 2013, first propagated 2013. Midseason blooming SEMI-DOUBLE flowers are satiny red, 13cm (5”), upward facing, and average one per stem. The form is, overall, loose, resembling old-fashioned roses. Color, notably, does not fade – an exceptional trait for red peonies, and its vivid color is a beacon amid fields of hundreds of other cultivars. Guard petals are typically 6 cm (2.5”) in width. No fragrance noted. On average, flowers possess three moderately hairy carpels that are mint-green in color, with red stigmas that are unusually and notably small, appearing as small dots. Stamens are nearly always deformed; white, antherless filaments being less than 1.5 cm (0.5”). No fertility noted. Disk is apparent, with few projections, and green in color. Plants reach 95cm (37.5”) at maturity, and carry broad-pointed, fresh green, lush foliage. At the time of emergence, foliage appears brownish-red, unfurling notably early as is typical for the suspected pollen parent, P. peregrina. Growth habit is upright; mechanical support is unnecessary. Grown from seed harvested in 2006 from a plant of ‘Salmon Dream’ grown adjacent to P. peregrina. The fairly safe assumption that P. peregrina is the pollen parent is based on this fact, in conjunction with the corresponding bloom time, and various other traits of P. peregrina reflected by this cultivar. The name was originally suggested by the registrant’s brother-in-law, Crixus being a great gladiator and warrior.

A flat, circular plate below the carpels

[caption id="attachment_25438" align="alignleft" width="82"] Red disk below glabrous carpels in P. kesrouanensis. From: Hong De-Yuan "Peonies of the world", p. 71.[/caption]

Having the figure of an egg

23". Single, vivid deep wine red, stamens all lemon yellow, has pollen, white pistils with pink tops.

Double type; large; midseason. Blooms are borne in clusters, with smaller, saucer-shaped side flowers; pale blush-pink, almost white, with yellow stamens mixed with a few irregular petals in the center; fair fragrance. Medium height; very floriferous; stems strong. Foliage abundant. In some seasons it is decidedly pink, especially on the back of the blooms near the calyx. As usually seen, the flowers are charming and informal and the plant is very graceful. “Terminal flowers on established plants are well filled out. A first-class exhibition bloom, and one of the most beautiful of all peonies.”—Saunders. “A first-class exhibition bloom. The laterals, if not disbudded, will produce semi-double flowers.”—Thurlow. “Often one of our greatest show peonies.”—Brand.

Paeonia mlokosewitschii. Image by Dimitri Zubov
Leaves biternate [divided twice into three parts], leaflets oblong, more rarely obovate [egg-shaped with the narrow end at the base], shortly acuminate [tapering to a short point], glaucous [blue-green] above, of a different pale color beneath and shortly puberulous [covered in fine, short hairs], with yellow flowers, spreading petals, and tomentose [densely fuzzy] carpels that are arched-spreading.

(officinalis rubra x lactiflora} A sensation at recent peony shows. Perfect double bomb type, rich red collar of big petals, full and sturdy plant, no stamens, rather long pale green pistils.

From the Dutch peony testing series in 1998((footnote: Kortmann, J. "Paeonia: pioen." In: Dendroflora, 1998, vol 35, pp 58-95.)), own translation:
'Red Charm' (Glasscock, USA, 1944) (P. lactiflora x P. officinalis) Flowers dark red, very large, double, centre filled with many deep red petaloids, surrounded by two circles of large petals; leaves rather large, dull green; upperside somewhat irregular; height 100 cm; stems rather sturdy; number of stems mediocre. This American cultivar is remarkable thanks to its magnificent colour and the enormously large flowers, which need support to remain upright, despite the plant having sturdy stems. The mediocre number of stems and the development of so called 'necks' on the roots inhibited propagation and distribution at large scale for some time. 'Red Charm' is reportedly somewhat susceptible toward botrytis, which was also noted by the review commission. It is a good garden plant, despite some negative characteristics.

S-D. VE. R. (officinalis x albiflora). Semi-double rich, glossy, red petals. Flowers small, plant small and dwarf. Unique, distinctive, beautiful. Seedling # 54R1.

Hybrid, apricot buff with crimson flares. Single. Parentage, Quadruple hybrid. Excellent substance, one to three buds per stem. Not especially fertile as a pod and pollen parent. Sturdy upright stems, 36" in height. Very early and very vigorous with deep

White, faintly flushed, fine substance. Foliage silver gray touched with crimson edges.

F2 24". Single. Palest flesh, near white, dense yellow stamen cluster with light red showing. Late.

The pollen-receptive surface of a carpel, usually sticky. It sits above the ovary on the style.

Called Silver Dawn F3 (along with others). Parentage Third generation 'Silver Dawn' on pod parent line. First bloomed, unknown. Very early single hybrid, medium height. Ivory yellow with lavender filaments and small flares. Proven parent of wanted quality, early pastel and patterned flowers. Large flowers and leaflets. Descendant of Saunders hybrid 'Silver Dawn,' distributed first by Silvia Saunders on breeder list along with others designated 'Silver Dawn F3;' this clone otherwise known as 'Phersons Silver Dawn F3' and a name is registered now to eliminate duplicate identities. Moderate increase, pollen, seeds easily.

D. E. Red. Seedling No. not given. Parentage not given, Fourth generation hybrid. Double red with heavy substance, large plant and roots. Excellent keeper, late blooming for a hybrid.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Old Faithful' (Glasscock / Falk, 1964) Herbaceous Hybrid, Late mid-season — Big, velvety, deep red semi-double/double blooms are held aloft stout, medium tall stems. Makes a robust and dramatic presentation when in bloom. Color is clear. Petals are many and possess excellent substance and holding power. It’s a late bloomer for a hybrid. Buds show color long before opening. May prove to produce less stems in more southern climes. It’s difficult to divide and slow to increase, factors that contribute to its pricey and limited availability. 1997 Gold Medalist

Parentage: 'Salmon Dream' x Roger Anderson seedling AT-84-16. Limited distribution of this plant has taken place over the last 20 years under the name now being registered. Very large dusty pink DOUBLE flowers that are carried one to a stem, on sturdy 36 inch (90 cm) stems requiring no support. Has green carpels, smooth, usually three, with pink functional stigmas. Has stamens (cream colored at the base, then yellow) and pollen and readily makes seeds, particularly with tetraploid pollen. It has a well-developed staminodal disc colored cream-pink. As a parent it has proven to be very good for the production of double pastel seedlings. Early foliage is red, later foliage is broad-pointed and green. Blooms early midseason, and growth rate is moderate.

Bremer, Nate, 2021, herbaceous hybrid.

22". Single, pink bright, rather large. Stamen stems long white with cream tops, near white pistils.

Parentage: Pod parent a Lutea Hybrids Group peony of unknown origin being marketed as “High Best.” Pollen parent ‘Xue Lian’ (Suffruticosa Group), one of the most common of the peonies derived from P. rockii marketed in China today. Very late season bloom. First year bloomed 2019, first propagated 2019. SEMI-DOUBLE, 7 inches in size (18 cm), with 1 or 2 sidebuds. Yellowish-cream petals washed pink. Dark purple flares extend 35% of petals’ length, with bleeding edges. Large guard petals to 3 inches width (7¾ cm). Petals overall evenly ruffled. Average of 5 carpels, pale green, sparsely hairy. Stigmas greenish-yellow having normal anatomy. Stamens lavender-purple at base, white at tips. Pollen absent. No fertility observed. Sheath complete, lavender-purple. Fragrant. Typical Lutea Hybrid foliage, yellow-green. Upright growth to 40 inches (101 cm). Named for Dezhong Chen, the father of Angela (Fuhui) Chow.

first year bloomed 1981. Parentage, Reath F-3 (Burma Ruby x Moonrise) x Reath E-78. Ruffled brilliant orange red hybrid with three or four rows of guard petals, all ruffled. Very fertile as a pod and pollen parent. Fragrant. Seedling # 81-16.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'The Mackinac Grand' (Reath, D.L., 1992) Herbaceous Hybrid; Early Midseason; 36" — A medium-sized, color fast, brilliant warm red, semi-double composed of three to four rows of heavily ruffled and folded, lustrous guard petals. Upon opening, a mound of densely packed stamens is revealed, gently shaped by the natural forces of the unfurling guard petals. Three to six light green, pink tipped carpels sit amidst the pollen laden anthers. The innermost guard petals are erect and fluted, while the outermost guard petals are longer, more tailored and closer to horizontal. In some blooms a few extra, upright, red flag petals, slightly smaller but more ruffled than the guard petals, project through the center of the stamen mound. As the blooms develop, all the petals begin to flare apart, each to its own tendency; thus blooms are variable, every one a unique vehicle for catching, reflecting, and obscuring sunlight. On sunny days blooms exhibit a gamut of modulated red, from deep shades in the shadows to fiery red highlights and the sparkle of sunlight from the petal’s gloss. From afar, the color has great carrying power and always attracts attention. The bush itself has an open, somewhat spreading habit, with strong, rigid, stalks of slightly unequal heights tending to lean, but not bend, away from the center of the plant. Each stalk is densely foliated. Without heat and water stress, foliage should persist and remain clean until fall. A strong grower and reliable bloomer; performance improves with age and stem increase.

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Seedling 79H18-2. Parentage: Seedling 71Y6-1 x Seedling 74119-5. The seed-parent was a yellow single, yellow being the object of the cross. The pollen parent was a pink double. Has had prior distribution under the garden name “Bill’s Best Yellow.” First bloomed 1982. Light yellow DOUBLE. Flowers are round and double on established plants, semi-double on new plantings. Rounded petals have an irregular toothed edge. Green carpels (4-5) with red stigmas which are not visible on double flowers, but can be seen on semi-double blooms. Pollen bearing stamens are light yellow. Fertile both ways. Fragrance. Foliage is wide and deep green. Each stem produces 1 strong primary bud, but may have up to 3 more secondary buds, making a long bloom season. Stems are tall (36 inches (90 cm)) and strong. No staking is needed. Rapid growth rate.

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Double hybrid; parentage Salmon Dream x Reath No. F-3: Cream Delight x Moonrise; first bloomed 1980. Lemon Yellow, hybrid, double ball; stamens, pollen, and seeds; heavy substance, floriferous; strong stems, bloom held erect; 32 inches; midseason hybrids, June 11; attractive deep green foliage. A very fertile seedling with bloom of bomb to ball-type double. Seedling Reath 80-4.

Seedling #CCDDD6. Parentage: 'Vanilla Schnapps' x LCMG-1 (which is 'Lemon Chiffon' x 'The Mackinac Grand'). First bloomed 2008, propagated since 2012. Advanced generation herbaceous hybrid. Very large, bright, deep pink, double flowers, 1 per stem, with sharply folded petals. Flowers open slowly and have a high petal count. As the flower opens the form is rather box shaped and later becomes a globe. Flower petals become lighter at the outer edges as they age creating a frosted affect. Stigmas/carpels are generally absent, but may be found sporadically. Fertile pollen can be found on stamens interspersed among the petals. Seed fertility with work, pollen is easy. Stems are thick, but spread under the weight of the flowers therefore some mechanical support may be needed for best display. Foliage is deep green and wide. Flowering height is 34 inches (86 cm). Blooms weeks 4-5. Named for the moon of Saturn discovered by Giovanni Cassini in 1684. In Greek Mythology, Dione is a Titaness.

The Paeonia obovata group is widely distributed in the forests of East-Asia (China, Russia, Japan, Korea). It is distinguished from other groups by its leaves with 9 entire leaflets, solitary flowers, and glabrous carpels. The number of species in this group varies depending on authors. P. obovata ssp obovata, P. obovata ssp willmottiae, P. japonica, P. oreogeton and P. vernalis have all been considered (sub)species.
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Peach semi-double, tetraploid hybrid with pale green carpels, lilac-pink stigmata, and yellow filaments. Low in stature with durable foliage. Seeds. First bloomed 2001. (Originally listed as MAHASKA but name changed, 324:41.)

Very dark red Jap. Good upright grower, vigorous, late, 34 inches. An improvement on Fuyajo. Seedling # JE-3.

Award of Landscape Merit (ALM) description: 'Charm' (Franklin, 1931) Lactiflora Group, Late mid-season, 38? — A lustrous and satiny, dark red Japanese form bloom with a center of the same red petaloids, etched yellow. Stiff and relatively straight stems angle outward gracefully to form a very large, harmoniously mounded, fountain of blooms. An eight-year-old plant matures to 40 or so stems that emerge from a relatively compact area. Although individual blooms are at their peak for a shorter duration than those of other lactifloras, plenty of side buds help 'Charm' maintain its striking presence in the landscape. One of the later Japanese form peonies to bloom.

Seedling TF-8. Parentage: (P. tenuifolia 'Plena' x P. tenuifolia 'Rosea')F2. First bloomed 2012, first propagated 2013. Fully double BOMB form. Baby pink flowers are borne 1 to a stem, 3¼ inches (8 cm) in size, up facing to slightly out facing. Two to three carpels on average which are glabrous to slightly tomentose, green and topped with whitish stigmas, the latter sometimes deformed. Disc poorly developed. No pollen, but as a pod parent normally fertile but not with other pink P. tenuifolia, so far. Not fragrant. Blooming time very early, together with or slightly ahead of P. tenuifolia 'Plena'. Finely cut foliage, pale green on emergence, is typical of the species. Average height to 15 inches (38 cm); support not needed. Named after originator's mother who was not the tallest person but the best mother one can imagine.